The opt-out is maybe the best thing about this contract. Unless Price suffers some kind of catastrophic injury or mysteriously becomes a mediocre or poor pitcher in what should be his prime years -- age 30-32 -- he will almost certainly opt out in 2019, a year or two before when you'd expect his age-related decline to begin.
If the headline was "Sox Sign Price for Three Years, $90 million," Sox fans would be screaming with joy. We should be anyway, because it's about 90% likely how this contract will turn out.
Aside from the points brought up by
@NobodyInteresting (awesome posts, by the way), I think the argument that the opt out is favorable to the Red Sox (all else being equal) is based off of a couple of assumptions that I'd like to go into here.
First off, there is the general "rule" that
giving a pitcher a 7 year deal is a bad idea, and thus any contract clause that give the Red Sox of getting out before the deal goes sour should be viewed as a positive.
Although on the aggregate signing a guy like Price to a 7 year deal that pays him over $30M per is overwhelmingly likely to look bad in the last couple years, and has a good chance of being a poor deal overall, there is also a pretty solid chance that the Price could deliver more than he is being paid for over the life of the deal. The problem with the opt out is that in a sizeable majority of those situations, Price voids the contract and the Red Sox don't actually get to benefit from him being paid at or below his expected level of production for those last four seasons.
I think it helps to view this as two separate contracts, offered to two separate pitchers. The first is a three year, $90M offer to 30 year old David Price. We (or the Red Sox) know a lot about 30 year old David Price: how good he has been, what his historical comps are and how they have aged, how healthy he is, etc. This information tells us that it is overwhelmingly likely that David Price will be worth what he is being paid in We can try to estimate how good he will be in 2016, 2017, 2018, etc, but we don't really know.
The second contract is a 4 year, $127M extension, set to kick in after 2018. However, this extension is not for our best guess at what David Price will look like after 2018, but for a version of David Price who believes he would be unable to get more money elsewhere. This includes our current median projection for David Price, but that projection is now a ceiling for how good Price could have been, and our overall expectation is weighed down by various permutations and combinations of Injured David Price and Underperforming David Price.
For those of you who are worried about signing a 30 year old pitcher to a 7 year deal, would you be more or less nervous about signing a 33 year old pitcher to a 4 year deal? I assume (correct me if I am wrong) that most of you would see this as a potentially reasonable course of action, depending on the pitcher. What the option does is offer a four year deal to a 33 year old starting pitcher
only if he is not expected to be worth the money, while allowing the worthwhile 33 year old to go get paid more money.
Does it make sense why this would be seen as a negative?
Second,
the opt out isn't a bad thing because if it is activated, the Red Sox "won" the deal.
I think the error being made here is viewing contracts as binary "wins" and "losses." The opt out does increase the odds that the Red Sox will "win" the deal, because the early years are almost always the best value years and the longer you have an aging player, the worse they usually get.
If David Price opts out, that means that he was good and the Red Sox won the trade. The team then receives no additional benefit from an apparently underpaid David Price.
If David Price does not opt out, the Red Sox probably lost the trade, and will be forced to overpay Price for another four years. Those seven years of "worse than expected David Price" will hurt more than three years of "better than expected David Price" will help.
If you believe that Price is overwhelmingly likely to opt out, then either you believe that pitcher aging curves take a nosedive at 33
and that the league will remain unaware of this by the end of the 2018 season, or you believe the man is substantially underpaid overall and it would be better if he stuck around instead of going elsewhere.
Finally, although I'm sure no one was consciously arguing this, the fact that the Red Sox "win" if Price opts out does not make Price opting out more likely. He may be more highly motivated and that is hardly a bad thing, but the man is a big time competitor from the start, and most studies on the topic have found that the "contract year" effect is significantly overstated if it exists at all.