Sports' rules are generally designed for 2 things:
(1) Giving boundaries to what is good and what is bad play, in order to define the manner by which you play the game and create the conditions for there to be a competitive contest. You can't carry the basketball, you have to start from your side of the line of scrimmage in gridiron football, you can't handle the soccer ball. There is a field of play, with boundaries. etc. The rules define the game, without them it's just Calvinball.
(2) Penalties for violating those rules, which are proportional to a violation's impact on the fairness of play. These provisions usually presume
unintentional violation by the player, so the punishment tends to try and make the offended player or team whole by restoring the ex-ante status or giving a benefit (like a free kick) that's proportional to the degree to which they were wronged. People make mistakes in judgment or execution all the time, so here's how we keep playing despite humans being fallible. You kicked his ankles, you got his hand when he went up with the ball for the shot.
They are generally not designed to take into account intentional, manipulative violation by players cynically attempting to gain advantage by hook or by crook. People who do that get kicked out of pickup games, asked to leave rec leagues, not invited back to board game night. We all know the type, who is competitive beyond all reason and cares nothing for the rules. Thinks people are suckers for scrupulously following them when there's advantage to be gained by strategically breaking them. In most walks of life, we'd deem that sociopathic behavior, whether or not it's criminal. The
rules of a sport can't really handle that, we just have to have a human referee who knows it when he sees it and has the discretion to discourage it accordingly.
But somehow, when it comes to pro sports (or even high-stakes college or HS sports), there's a subtle encouragement to tactically break the rules. Grab the player's shirt to slow them down, and hope it's not called. Foul the player on a breakaway to prevent a high-percentage scoring chance. Get outside help in chess through a co-conspirator and a computer and a surreptitious means of communication. People will cheat to win, and it's only the threat of discovery or humiliation that will stop them. Some people think this "the smart play", but others think it "un-sportsmanlike and wrong". And the rules can't always take into account every situation in which breaking the rules is an advantage. They have to presume, from the basic ethics of the competitors, that people will try their hardest to win in the honest way, by being better players or better-prepared. Intentional cheating goes against the nature of the contest in the first place. If you're making "a bargain" with respect to intentionally breaking rules, the nature of the contest itself has already lost.
Different cultures have differing levels of regard for the rules and the morality of intentionally breaking them. Places where sports began as high-class activities tend to have more approbation against such behavior; places where they didn't, tend to have less. Consider this bit from The Ringer's
extensive eulogy of Diego Maradona:
I can appreciate where those views come from, especially when put like that. It's not that far from the yiddish
chutzpah, and there are cultural glorifications of the master system-manipulator in English and American cultural heritage too. But the reason Americans so viscerally react against flopping in global football, and went up in arms over the importation of flopping to NBA basketball when Vlade Divac and others brought it over (to the point where it has gone dramatically down after a refereeing point of emphasis), is because of this general cultural revulsion at intentional violation - at cheating. Our sporting mores generally go: Respect for the game, and for your opponent, must come before your desire to win. To win by so blatantly disrespecting the game means you win without honor.