On Giroud's game-winning header it seemed to me that he hit it, it bounced off the English player's upper arm, and then it went in the net. 1) Did I see that correctly? 2) If there was no goal would it have been a penalty? 3) If 1&2 are "yes" should the goal have counted in spite of the penalty that occurred a fraction of a second before the goal or should play have been deemed to stop at the moment of the penalty and a penalty kick awarded?
(1) yeah, probably, the angle from behind the goal seemed to show that.
(2) Maybe. While handball interpretations are a bit up in the air and have defied attempts to legislate them with finality, the first aspect you usually see discussed is whether the play was "ball-to-hand" or "hand-to-ball", i.e. did the player move the hand into the path of the ball, or just have the misfortunate of having it in the wrong place. If "hand-to-ball" it's usually deemed intentional and a foul / penalty is awarded (And sometimes a card, unless you're Leo Messi). If "ball-to-hand", a few factors come into play:
- Was the arm in a "natural" position? i.e. would a foul call basically penalize the defender for "having hands"? There are some specific rules for this now, like a support arm below you as you go to slide is a "natural" position, any arms above the shoulders is by-rule not a natural position, etc. Defenders will usually pull their hands in and hold them in front of them
- How much time did they have to react? If it's instantaneous, less likely to have it be called handball.
I would not have been surprised if that particular deflection was not called a handball.
(3) Think about it this way: the best thing that can happen to a team on an offensive "phase of play" (possession) is to score a goal. Most of the rules are written, and interpreted by refs, in a manner that favors goal-scoring (particularly from open play). So, no, in soccer they will often let something play out to see if it helps the offense, and if it results in a goal - well, then, no need to call anything, they got their rewards. Nothing "automatically" stops play (except head injuries), it's all at the enter ref's discretion.