Wait - I don't get this. In what way is David Ortiz not an African American? His ancestry is African. He's an American. Is he somehow disqualified because his native tongue was not English? Are there new rules to this? Where's it all written down?
There is a lot rolled up here, but assuming you are serious, race/ethnicity don't work the way you seem to think they do. Race, as it is typically defined in 2017, is not a thing that you can look up by comparing a patch of skin to a color-chart.
Haitians, Somalis, Dominicans, and descendants of American slaves do not necessarily consider themselves to be of the same race/ethnicity, even if their skin-color looks the same. Much as "white" might cover Scandinavians, Russians, and Afghan, you could be talking about vastly different socio-cultural backgrounds.
In Latin America especially, the relationship between race and skin color is a lot more complicated. Similarly, "African American" most typically refers to human beings who are descended from slaves. A white person born in, say, Nigeria or South Africa can make a lot of enemies very quickly by (correctly) referring to themselves as african-american.
If you are a human being, then your ancestors were African. By that measure, every American is an African-American. But Americans whose grandparents and great-grandparents were born in, say, Ireland, tend to call themselves Irish-Americans, even if their great-great grandparents were Romans, Gauls, Vikings, or some such. Their cultural and historical ancestry is Irish, even if their hair is not red.
Pale skin and red hair are more common in Ireland than they are in many other places, but there are also pale red-heads in Scotland, Italy, Iran, and plenty other parts of the world. You can't test for "Irishness" with a color chart, and red hair does not make an Afghani Irish.
If you want rules and charts to determine which race people fall into, then you are probably going to be disappointed.