RR - are any of those laws applied differently if he was physically in Japan using an account from, say, MUFG Bank?
Good question.
I'm not familiar with CA law on this, but sometimes states are more concerned with the trigger activity, which here might be the placing of illegal bets. That said, even if that was the case, if Ohtani made a Japan to CA payment which participated in an illegal CA financial transaction, then that starts to look like accessory activity or money laundering. (In the colloquial sense - I don't know the CA statutes that would apply or even if one would.)
That does not really go away if Ohtani made a Japan to NJ payment to be then
secretly lateraled to CA to participate in an illegal CA financial transaction. In fact, it gets worse, because the structure of the activity itself suggests he had knowledge of what was really going on.
As far as the federal statutes go, I'd have to take a closer look. Some of the statutes might specifically address funding or paying illegal gambling operations, but generally though, this sort of activity is again in the orbit of money laundering, again in the most general colloquial sense. Prosecutors do have to charge under a specific statute, but there's often something that applies. Think of it this way - if Mizuhara were a drug dealer and lost $4.5M in product, it is allowable for Ohtani to secretly wire the US drug cartel cash to cover that loss? There's usually a liability net for those sort of things.
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Now, if the money was somehow stolen behind Ohtani's back, or was sent pursuant to some kind of fraudulent representation, that's a pretty good defense. If theft/embezzlement, Ohtani would be an unknowing victim of an independent crime and not responsible for what the thief did with the funds afterward. If defrauded, he probably wouldn't have the requisite
mens rea (bad mind/criminal intent) to have done the crime. He would have thought he was doing something else that wasn't illegal in any way. Like sending $4.5M to an animal rescue shelter as a "loan." (Or whatever the story would be.)
All that is established/proven/weighted by inferential evidence. For example, what do texts between Ohtani and Mizuhara say? What do the communications between Mizuhara and the bookie say? And if those avenues are destroyed/silent/non-conclusive, what do the facts say? Is it believable Ohtani sent $4.5M to an animal rescue shelter as a "loan." (Or whatever the story would be.) For example, did he subsequently claim it on his taxes, or contemporaneously text his fiancé that he just saved a bunch of puppies?
Depending on what's there, the inferences may be strong enough to avoid criminal charges, particularly if he's cooperative and does not lie and isn't a target anyway. Also, possibly, depending on the believability of the facts, he might also avoid MLB sanctions. But if there's any murkiness or questions. . .maybe he avoids the first but not the second.
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Assuming Ohtani is a bad actor and would lie, "Mizuhara stole the money and I never knew" is the easiest lie to establish, but even there it's subject to all kinds of corroborative/inferential evidence concerning account access, etc.
Saying, "He lied to me about what it was about" is in some ways a harder lift. Because you still have to concoct a story about what the lie actually was and why it was believed. Again, corroborative/inferential evidence will factor in significantly.
Either way, the flip-flop is probably going to severely undercut whatever the Ohtani camp says next. I don't think it's a needle that's easily threaded, but who knows?