The Twins are not really an outlier either---they had a three-year deal which was likely to be (and in fact ended up being) only a one-year deal. I suspect many teams are still willing to offer him that kind of deal - it's the 10+ year, 300 mil deal where we have a lot of evidence the market is not willing to take the risk on.
As you correctly note, acknowledging each team's specific thinking and (in Twins case) philosophical willingness surely differs, it seems that all four teams with access to his medicals (Astros, Mets, Giants, and Twins) have opted not to offer him the 10 year/300 mil kind of deal at least without significant protections...and the rest of the market including SS need big market teams (Boston, Dodgers) has also refused to get into that kind of agreement, for whatever set of reasons. It is hard not to conclude there's a major medical red flag here.